Red Sea Global Redefining the Future of Tourism in Saudi Arabia

Explore Red Sea Global's visionary tourism projects in Saudi Arabia, blending luxury, sustainability, and innovation under Vision 2030.

As Saudi Arabia enters a new era of economic diversification under Vision 2030, tourism is taking centre stage in shaping the Kingdom’s future. Red Sea Global – the visionary real estate developer behind one of the most ambitious regenerative tourism projects in the world – is leading this ‘renaissance’ movement, redefining the concept of futuristic tourism in the region. Central to this transformation, the developer is planning 50 resorts on the west coast of the Red Sea, featuring 8,000 hotel rooms and over 1,000 residential properties across 22 pristine islands and six inland sites. The company’s reach extends further with the Amaala project and the launch of a third destination, Thuwal Private Retreat completing phase one of the project. 
 
<img src="https://146414713.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/146414713/Imported_Blog_Media/Red%20Sea%20tourism-jpg-1.jpg" loading="lazy" data-clarity-loaded="1ngzwsa" width="1200" height="800"> 
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<h2>Tourism Excellence: From Vision to Reality</h2> 
Tourism in Saudi Arabia is set to be a significant economic driver, contributing 10% to the national GDP, an ambitious growth reflected in the kingdom’s record-breaking visitor numbers: 27 million international tourists and 79 million domestic travellers in 2022 alone. Red Sea Global has already established partnerships with global hospitality brands such as Hyatt Hotels &amp; Resorts, InterContinental Hotels Group, and Marriott International. In dealing with the upper echelons of their offerings, the developer is integrating the expertise of the world’s leading hotel brands into their developments. 
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<h2>Sustainability as a Cornerstone</h2> 
What sets Red Sea Global apart is a commitment to advancing regenerative tourism, a forward-thinking approach that prioritises the preservation of the Kingdom’s most precious asset: nature. As the largest tourism destination in the world powered entirely by renewable energy, the developer is setting new standards for sustainable tourism in The Red Sea.&nbsp; 
The tourism of the future looks paved with key innovations such as the ones taking shape on the islands: the world’s largest battery storage facility, with a capacity of 1,000 MWh, and the biggest district cooling system powered by renewable energy, both of which are projected to save a staggering one million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide annually.&nbsp; 
Mangrove reforestation is another pillar of the developer’s mandate for the Red Sea project. The company has already planted 2.5 million mangroves contributing to an overall target of 50 million plants by 2030. These efforts combat rising sea levels and erosion and also sequester carbon at an advanced rate, reaffirming the project's regenerative essence. 
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<h2>Luxury Tourism: Looking to The Future</h2> 
Beyond the responsible building of luxury resorts and eco-friendly systems, Red Sea Global is recreating a holistic tourism experience that embodies the future of travel. The company’s third destination, Thuwal Private Retreat launched in 2023 is a clear reflection of this philosophy, conceived to balance exclusivity with sustainability while offering guests an intimate connection to the natural surroundings.&nbsp; 
If Saudi Arabia’s goal is to welcome 150 million annual tourists by 2030, Red Sea Global’s objective is to scale up operations and build excellence in all of those different facets, ultimately contributing to the overall tourism experience and positively impacting the environment and economy.&nbsp; 
Red Sea Global’s efforts reflect those of the Kingdom under Vision 2030: to present Saudi Arabia as a unique destination, timeless yet perpetually relevant, universal yet profoundly devoted to the singularity of the region, and a promise to the world of what the future of tourism can and should be. 
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As Saudi Arabia enters a new era of economic diversification under Vision 2030, tourism is taking centre stage in shaping the Kingdom’s future. Red Sea Global – the visionary real estate developer behind one of the most ambitious regenerative tourism projects in the world – is leading this ‘renaissance’ movement, redefining the concept of futuristic tourism in the region. Central to this transformation, the developer is planning 50 resorts on the west coast of the Red Sea, featuring 8,000 hotel rooms and over 1,000 residential properties across 22 pristine islands and six inland sites. The company’s reach extends further with the Amaala project and the launch of a third destination, Thuwal Private Retreat completing phase one of the project.

Red Sea Global Redefining Luxury Living in Saudi Arabia

Discover Red Sea Global's transformative vision for luxury living in Saudi Arabia, blending innovation, sustainability, and prime real estate along the pristine Red Sea coast.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – a global emerging hub for tourism and business –&nbsp; is continually on the rise, moving at the speed of imagination. A society of rich tradition with an evolving real estate and hospitality landscape, Saudi Arabia has embarked on an ambitious transformation, where its past success is only surpassed by future ambition. The region is not only reshaping its built environment but its future national identity as well, celebrating its heritage while embracing innovation and sustainability at the core.

 <img src="https://146414713.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/146414713/Imported_Blog_Media/Red%20Sea%20Global%20Redefining-jpeg-1.jpg" loading="lazy" data-clarity-loaded="rbgaep" width="1920" height="1080">
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<h2>Red Sea Global's Holistic Vision for Luxury in The Kingdom</h2>
Developing the Kingdom’s real estate is a key objective of Vision 2030, aiming to position Saudi Arabia as a leading figure in the Middle East’s property market and hospitality industry.
Spearheading this movement is <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/red-sea-project" rel="noopener">Red Sea Global</a> – a real estate developer whose expansive portfolio extends to residential and hospitality experiences, as well as infrastructure and regenerative tourism destinations along the Saudi Red Sea coast. As one of the lead projects owned by the Public Investment Fund, Red Sea Global's contribution to GDP during its years of construction is projected to be $62 billion, according to Ben Edwards, Group Head of Cost, Commercial &amp; Procurement at RSG.
Advancing new models for construction and tourism, Red Sea Global is rewriting the narrative of how prime real estate is being shaped across the Kingdom, with luxury, sustainability, and innovation converging to integrate projects in the Red Sea and enhance the wellbeing of consumers, communities, and the eco-system around it. This responsible approach adds value to Saudi Arabia’s luxury tourism and residential offerings, protecting the natural environment and preserving it for future generations. Red Sea Global’s master plan is forging a new development model in the Red Sea, anchored by a number of environmental studies to assess the impact of the development at this destination. ​The result is that 75 percent of the archipelago is preserved for conservation, with less than one percent of the total site area being developed. Combining hospitality, retail, leisure, and prime residential offerings, Red Sea Global curates a coastal destination that evokes a rich, multifaceted experience. The remaining 22 islands and 6 inland locations will be developed to offer up to 8,000 hotel rooms and over 1,000 residences.
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<h2>New Developments on Saudi’s Red Sea Coast</h2>
A rare gem in the global ecosystem, the Red Sea is home to the world’s fourth-largest barrier reef system, stretching across an impressive 28,000 square kilometres. It also includes an untouched archipelago of over 90 pristine islands, beaches, vast desert dunes, and rich heritage sites. The pipeline of projects led by Red Sea Global in the area will see the developer through to 2030, with 11 resorts on Shura Island alone set to open at the end of 2025, and another two hotels scheduled to open earlier this year.&nbsp;
Shebara is a luxury resort on Shaybara Island located 45 minutes by boat from the mainland, featuring over-water villas in specially made pod-like steel orbs. The second hotel is Desert Rock, one of the most unique hotels that’s literally built into the side of the rocky mountain, evoking what looks like a Martian landscape. A 180-metre-long tunnel had to be drilled and blasted through the mountain in order to form the cave-unit guest bedrooms. Shura, the main hub island at the Red Sea, will also host yacht marinas, an 18-hole championship golf course, and entertainment venues.
Red Sea Global’s value proposition will stretch far beyond hospitality and tourism, with a broad residential product serving as a coveted island destination reminiscent of the Maldives. <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/red-sea-resort" rel="noopener">Red Sea Global resorts</a> and branded residences will position the kingdom very firmly on the global prime real estate map, delivering world-class residences and experiences tailored to discerning end users and investors alike.
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&nbsp;
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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – a global emerging hub for tourism and business –&nbsp; is continually on the rise, moving at the speed of imagination. A society of rich tradition with an evolving real estate and hospitality landscape, Saudi Arabia has embarked on an ambitious transformation, where its past success is only surpassed by future ambition. The region is not only reshaping its built environment but its future national identity as well, celebrating its heritage while embracing innovation and sustainability at the core.

Why is it Called The Red Sea?

Uncover the origins of the Red Sea's name, exploring theories from algae blooms to cardinal directions and its historical significance.

To the west of Saudi Arabia lies one of its most naturally dazzling regions: the Red Sea. This stunning inlet of the Indian Ocean lies between the Asian and African continents and has long been a crossroads of commerce, history, and culture. With its milky azure waters and thriving coral reefs, this biodiverse stretch of water is primed to become a premier holiday destination—particularly the Red Sea archipelago currently under development by Red Sea Global.

But for all its fame and potential, one question continues to intrigue: Why is it called the Red Sea?
The earliest recorded name for the sea comes from the Greek term Erythra Thalassa, which translates to “Red Sea.” However, the Greeks may have borrowed this term from older local languages, such as Akkadian or Old Persian, where similar words described the region. In Latin, the sea was called Mare Rubrum, also meaning “Red Sea”, but some historians speculate that the term “red” was not a literal description but rather a symbolic or cultural reference.
Below, we explore four intriguing theories about why the Red Sea – whose waters are unmistakably bright blue – came to bear its colourful name.
<img src="https://146414713.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/146414713/Imported_Blog_Media/Red%20Sea-jpg-1.jpg" loading="lazy" data-clarity-loaded="173589" width="1200" height="675">
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<h2>Theory 1: The Reddish Algae</h2>
The most widely accepted explanation for the name “Red Sea” can be traced to simple marine biology. The Red Sea is one of the saltiest in the world, and its waters occasionally host blooms of Trichodesmium erythraeum, a type of algae known as "sea sawdust". While the algae appears green when alive, it takes on a reddish-brown hue as it decays, tinting the surface of the sea red under certain light conditions. These algal blooms are quite rare and only occur in warmer months when nutrient levels are high, but to ancient sailors, the phenomenon must have been particularly striking, if not mystical.&nbsp;
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<h2>Theory 2: The Cardinal Directions Hypothesis&nbsp;</h2>
In many ancient cultures, colours were not merely aesthetic – they carried symbolic meanings and often represented the cardinal directions of north, east, south, and west. This practice was particularly prominent in Egyptian and Semitic traditions, where red symbolised the south, black the north, white the west, and green the east. Situated south of the Mediterranean, the Red Sea may have originally been named as a geographic marker reflecting this cultural convention. For ancient seafarers and traders, such colour-direction associations were essential for charting the course across vast and often featureless landscapes and seas.&nbsp;
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<h2>Theory 3: Religious and Historical Significance</h2>
The Red Sea is deeply intertwined with Abrahamic faiths. In Islam, the Red Sea is linked to the story of Prophet Musa and the miraculous parting of its waters, as described in the Qur’an. It is possible that the name "Red Sea" originated in part from this sacred narrative, reflecting the profound spiritual and symbolic resonance it holds across cultures and religions. Other scholars suggest that ancient translations or linguistic shifts, particularly involving the Hebrew term Yam Suph, which can mean "Reed Sea" or “Sea of Reeds”, may have contributed to the name’s evolution.&nbsp;
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<h2>Theory 4: Geological and Landscape Connections</h2>
Laying between Africa and Asia, the Red Sea is surrounded by sandy mountains and deserts rich in iron oxide, giving the terrain a reddish hue. These earthy tones are particularly striking during sunrise and sunset, when the light amplifies the red and golden shades, creating a dramatic contrast with the sea. Early settlers, traders, and sailors passing through this region might have named the sea after these prominent geological features, as the deep red terrain would have been a defining characteristic of the area.
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&nbsp;
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To the west of Saudi Arabia lies one of its most naturally dazzling regions: the Red Sea. This stunning inlet of the Indian Ocean lies between the Asian and African continents and has long been a crossroads of commerce, history, and culture. With its milky azure waters and thriving coral reefs, this biodiverse stretch of water is primed to become a premier holiday destination—particularly the Red Sea archipelago currently under development by Red Sea Global.

Sustainable Living by the Sea: The Vision of Red Sea Global

Red Sea Global leads a sustainable revolution in Saudi Arabia, blending luxury living with regenerative tourism, renewable energy, and biodiversity conservation.

Saudi Arabia is in the midst of a powerful transformation that brings with it the creation of a new model for cities of the future, a model where urban environments and island ecosystems foster connectivity, green living, and social interaction and also serve as powerful economic drivers. As the kingdom continues to diversify its real estate landscape and build its global stature, sustainability trends will be at the forefront of shaping its urban identity. Aiming to balance economic growth with a sustainable, inclusive future, Saudi Arabia is building destinations that appeal to local and global audiences, as part of its strategy to become a prime destination for investment. One such destination is The Red Sea, along the west coast. Spearheading this giga-project is Red Sea Global, a pioneering real estate developer of regenerative tourism hubs and a driving force behind the transition to a more sustainable future. The company has already completed a third of the Red Sea project, which includes 16 resorts expected to be fully operational by the end of the year. 
 
<img src="https://146414713.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/146414713/Imported_Blog_Media/Sustainable%20Living-jpg-1.jpg" loading="lazy" data-clarity-loaded="16r1t6c" width="1159" height="652"> 
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<h2>Responsible Development as a First Principle</h2> 
Red Sea Global’s multi-projects along Saudi’s coast will be 100% powered by renewable energy once complete, highlighting the importance of regenerative development in uplifting communities, enriching the environment, and stimulating the economy. The <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/red-sea" rel="noopener">Red Sea Global project</a> is not conceived for luxury alone, but also to provide functionality, and heritage relevance while resonating with the evolving needs of residents and tourists. The development will span 28,000 square kilometres, and include 22 pristine islands, 50 hotels, over 1,000 residences, and personalised service that will set new standards in luxury travel and elevate Saudi Arabia’s position on the global tourism map. With an aim to achieve a 30% net positive conservation benefit by 2040, Red Sea Global is supporting key habitats that help biodiversity flourish. 
The developer’s portfolio includes three leading tourist destinations – The Red Sea, Thuwal Private Retreat, and AMAALA, of which the first and second ones already started welcoming guests last year, with the first phase of the AMAALA development on track to open by the end of this year. 
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<h2>Red Sea Global: Making Waves</h2> 
A highly ambitious project designed to emphasise wellness, culture, and sustainability, Red Sea Global is centred on lessening the kingdom’s reliance on oil revenues by diversifying and strengthening other industries such as tourism and real estate. Apart from carrying significant economic benefits, the Red Sea and AMAALA developments aspire to strike the proper balance between <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/the-red-sea-project-a-pioneering-step-forward-in-luxury-eco-tourism" rel="noopener">luxury tourism and ecological responsibility</a> by putting in place a sustainable, multi-utility infrastructure that would render the entire project self-sufficient. To that extent, details of the infrastructure plan include wastewater treatment plants, a desalination plant with a 37 million litre daily capacity, a 250 MW solar photovoltaic park, and 700MWh battery energy storage, all of which – once in place – will be expected to avoid around 350,000 tons of CO2e emissions annually. Red Sea Global’s environmental commitment to this large-scale off-grid system will deliver 100% renewable energy and achieve carbon-free electricity and uninterrupted water access 24/7, making&nbsp; AMAALA a unique destination powered by sunlight, day and night. The future looks mighty bright for Red Sea Global and particularly for Saudi Arabian tourism as a whole. 
&nbsp; 
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Saudi Arabia is in the midst of a powerful transformation that brings with it the creation of a new model for cities of the future, a model where urban environments and island ecosystems foster connectivity, green living, and social interaction and also serve as powerful economic drivers. As the kingdom continues to diversify its real estate landscape and build its global stature, sustainability trends will be at the forefront of shaping its urban identity. Aiming to balance economic growth with a sustainable, inclusive future, Saudi Arabia is building destinations that appeal to local and global audiences, as part of its strategy to become a prime destination for investment. One such destination is The Red Sea, along the west coast. Spearheading this giga-project is Red Sea Global, a pioneering real estate developer of regenerative tourism hubs and a driving force behind the transition to a more sustainable future. The company has already completed a third of the Red Sea project, which includes 16 resorts expected to be fully operational by the end of the year.

What is the Red Sea Project in Saudi Arabia?

Discover Saudi Arabia's groundbreaking Red Sea Project, blending luxury resorts, eco-tourism, and sustainability across a breathtaking coastline.

The Red Sea conjures images of golden sands, fishing boats and ancient traditions. However, a new multi-billion-dollar project is transforming the western coastline of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Announced by Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman in 2017, the eco-tourism megaproject is underway in the Tabuk province of the Kingdom.

The development will see 50 upscale resorts completed by 2030, across several locations. The ambitious project is masterminded by Red Sea Global and financed by the Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia. From regenerating coral reefs to protecting the Kingdom’s cherished wildlife, the <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/red-sea" rel="noopener">Red Sea project</a> prioritises conservation as a first principle.
<img src="https://146414713.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/146414713/Imported_Blog_Media/Red%20Sea%20Project-jpg-1.png" loading="lazy" data-clarity-loaded="1niumjo" width="1920" height="1271">
&nbsp;
<h2>Luxury Desert Destinations</h2>
Encompassing an area the size of Taiwan, 99 per cent of the land will remain undeveloped while the ecosystems will be managed and maintained. The expansive scheme includes paradisical archipelagos and desert retreats. At the centre of the masterplan, an international airport serves a network of resorts from brands such as Six Senses, Four Seasons and Ritz-Carlton.
Set within the undulating desert landscape of Umluj, Six Senses Southern Dunes is a five-star destination offering an otherworldly experience due to its unique setting. This exclusive retreat was the first Red Sea resort to launch.
Deep in the Arabian mountains, Desert Rock is a luxury resort hotel comprising design-led villas nestled into cliffs and caves. The hotel offers indulgent dining as well as adventure and wellness activities.
&nbsp;
<h2>Exclusive Hotels and Residences on a Sprawling Archipelago</h2>
Immersed in wildlife, Shura Island is the jewel in the crown. The island will feature 11 world-class resorts, a yacht marina, a beach club and an array of restaurants, activities and entertainment. Known as Coral Bloom, this innovative, ecological scheme was designed by renowned architectural studio Foster + Partners. When completed, the project will include Raffles, Jumeirah and multiple <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/four-seasons-amala-a-luxurious-oasis-by-the-red-sea" rel="noopener">Four Seasons resorts</a>.
The island will also play host to a range of branded residences. Four Seasons Private Residences Red Sea, for instance, is a collection of 75 beachfront properties planned for completion in 2025. The community will include an Olympic-sized swimming pool and access to the facilities of the Four Seasons Resort. Via a dedicated fleet of electric vehicles, Red Sea International Airport is just 25 minutes away.
Shura Island is ideally positioned to embrace the sailing, snorkelling and scuba diving for which the area is coming to be known. However, it is just one of 92 islands in the Red Sea archipelago. Sheybarah Island, for example, offers uninterrupted sunset views, green spaces and the luxury Shebara resort.
&nbsp;
<h2>Ummahat Island and Beyond&nbsp;</h2>
The serene St. Regis Red Sea Resort has launched on Ummahat Island, complete with Maldives-style overwater huts and a Ritz-Carlton Reserve Resort soon to join it. Meanwhile, Turtle Bay is a tranquil beachside community of detached villas set to eventually home 14,000 employees.
Further north, AMAALA is a coastal community with eight resorts scheduled to open in 2025. Centred around a breathtaking bay, AMAALA will feature resorts from both Four Seasons and Six Senses. Beyond Tabuk, Thuwal Private Retreat is a secluded getaway set on its own island just 70 kilometres north of Jeddah.
&nbsp;
<h2>At the Intersection of Luxury and Sustainability</h2>
The Red Sea project celebrates the region’s rich biodiversity. With the fourth-largest coral reef in the world, the Red Sea is home to a wealth of marine life including more than 2,000 species of fish. The project aims not only to preserve their natural habitat but also to regenerate the surrounding corals. Red Sea Global is working closely with the Coral Research &amp; Development Accelerator Platform (CORDAP) to achieve this. Once complete, the project aims to be 100 per cent powered by renewable energy.
Red Sea Global is also spearheading a vast landscape nursery several kilometres inland from Turtle Bay. This one-million-square-metre environmental scheme raises carefully selected plants. To date, more than one million have been planted. Underlining its success, Red Sea Global scooped the Regional Sector Leader Award from the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark, having scored 91/100 on their ESG assessment.
The monumental Red Sea project represents a feat of engineering, ingenuity and logistics. Its myriad resorts will offer unparalleled luxury experiences, underpinned by a defining commitment to sustainability and biodiversity.
&nbsp;
&nbsp;
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The Red Sea conjures images of golden sands, fishing boats and ancient traditions. However, a new multi-billion-dollar project is transforming the western coastline of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Announced by Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman in 2017, the eco-tourism megaproject is underway in the Tabuk province of the Kingdom.

The Mecca Clock Tower - An Icon of Islamic Engineering

Discover the Makkah Clock Tower, the world’s tallest clock tower, combining monumental Islamic symbolism with cutting-edge engineering above Al-Haram.

Rising above the skyline of Makkah Al-Mukarramah in western Saudi Arabia, the Makkah Clock Tower is one of the most recognisable architectural and engineering landmarks in the Islamic world. Located above the Abraj Al Bait complex within the Fairmont Hotel, it soars to a height exceeding 600 metres — making it both the tallest and largest clock tower in the world. Its first trial run began during Ramadan in the year 1431 AH, or 2009 AD, with the Makkah Time Centre synchronised to the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) network headquartered in Paris.

<h2><img src="https://146414713.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/146414713/clock%20tower.jpg" width="1000" height="561" loading="lazy" alt="clock tower" style="height: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 1000px;"> A Dream Realised</h2>
The idea for the Makkah Clock Tower was launched under the direction of King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz. On 13 March 2008, Prince Khalid Al-Faisal, Governor of the Makkah Region, announced the project. Designed to crown the fifth tower of the King Abdulaziz Endowment, the clock tower was to rise approximately 601 metres above the city. Its proportions were intentionally grand — visible and audible from up to 13 kilometres away. Each façade is adorned with the word “Allah” in Arabic calligraphy, while a single clock face measures 43 metres in both height and width, cementing its status as a unique artistic and engineering masterpiece.
&nbsp;
Also Read: <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/tourist-places-in-saudi-arabia" rel="noopener">Tourist Places in Saudi Arabia</a>
&nbsp;
<h2>Scale and Structure</h2>
The Makkah Clock Tower comprises four faces — one for each cardinal direction.
Main faces:
<ul>
<li aria-level="1">One is positioned northwards towards the Grand Mosque and one is positioned southwards in the opposite direction.</li>
<li aria-level="1">Each circular dial measures 43 metres in diameter, set within a rectangular facade approximately 80 metres tall and 65 metres wide.</li>
<li aria-level="1">These faces are larger and more prominent, oriented towards the Grand Mosque and key city sightlines.</li>
</ul>
Side faces:
<ul>
<li aria-level="1">Oriented eastwards and westwards.</li>
<li aria-level="1">Each side clock has a circular dial measuring 25 metres in diameter, enclosed within a rectangular facade approximately 65 metres tall and 39 metres wide.</li>
<li aria-level="1">While the tower’s overall height remains uniform, the smaller size of the side dials means their surrounding façades are proportionally more modest, ensuring a balanced and harmonious appearance from all angles.</li>
</ul>
The entire clock itself is mounted roughly 400 metres above ground, occupying a dedicated section of the tower designed to showcase the monumental timepieces. Above the clocks, the structure continues to rise, culminating in the towering spire and the iconic golden crescent. Together they form a monumental visual and functional feature of the tower and makes it the tallest of its kind in the world. Manufactured in Germany by leading global experts, it combines precision engineering with monumental design.
&nbsp;
Also Read: <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/modern-construction-techniques-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia" rel="noopener">Modern Construction Techniques in Saudi Arabia</a>
&nbsp;
<h2>A Fusion of Innovation and Symbolism</h2>
Designed to offer more than just timekeeping, it plays both symbolic and functional roles. During Islamic occasions — such as the start of a new Hijri month or Eid — its exterior walls emit light beams and patterns. At the call to prayer, 16 vertical beams project skywards for more than 10 kilometres.
Loudspeakers installed above the clock broadcast the Grand Mosque’s adhan to surrounding areas up to seven kilometres away. During the adhan, the tower’s peak illuminates with 21,000 white and green lights, visible from a distance of 30 kilometres — which enhances awareness of prayer times, especially for those with hearing impairments.
The colours of the clock faces change according to the time of day: white faces with black hands in daylight, green faces with white hands at night. Above all stands a monumental crescent — 23 metres high and the largest in the world.
&nbsp;
Also Read: <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/vision-2030-the-saudi-arabia-of-tomorrow" rel="noopener">Vision 2030 The Saudi of Tomorrow</a>
&nbsp;
<h2>Architecture and Interior Design</h2>
The top of the tower draws inspiration from the maritime design of ships, incorporating residential, operational and maintenance facilities. Six lifts carry visitors to the surrounding balcony, which encircles the clock with a five-metre-wide walkway. The tower is decorated with Islamic ornamentation inspired by Arab heritage, giving it a distinctive artistic character.
Developed by a German firm, the project involved 250 engineers and technicians. Seven tower cranes were deployed to position its massive components. The clock’s surface is clad in 98 million coloured glass mosaic tiles and illuminated by over two million LED lights.
&nbsp;
Also Read: <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/saudi-design-and-british-heritage-an-artistic-expression-of-timeless-luxury" rel="noopener">Saudi Design and British Heritage</a>
&nbsp;
<h2>Precision and Power</h2>
Each of the four faces is driven by an independent motor weighing more than 21 tonnes. These operate in perfect synchronisation through a highly accurate control system, anchored by five atomic clocks connecting it to Makkah time.
Power is supplied by both the public electricity grid and dedicated solar panels. The motors operate with a precision tolerance of just 0.01 millimetres, reducing friction and extending the mechanism’s lifespan.
&nbsp;
Also Read: <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/sustainability-in-saudi-arabia" rel="noopener">Sustainability in Saudi Arabia</a>
&nbsp;
<h2>Strength and Craftsmanship</h2>
The clock’s surface spans 430 square metres of advanced carbon fibre, ensuring resistance to extreme weather. The internal gears are crafted from a specialist bronze–steel alloy, engineered to withstand friction and pressure.
The space right above the clock bears the inscription “Allahu Akbar”, with the vertical stroke of the letter alif measuring 23 metres in height. Further up, the golden crescent crowning the clock stretches with a diameter of 23 metres.
&nbsp;
Also Read: <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/the-most-prominent-saudi-handicrafts" rel="noopener">Traditional Crafts of Saudi Arabia</a>
&nbsp;
<h2>A Spiritual Timekeeper</h2>
The Makkah Clock Tower serves as a unifying time reference for the Islamic world. Its light signals at the call to prayer are particularly helpful for those at a distance or with hearing impairments, while its changing colours and illuminated patterns infuse a heightened spiritual atmosphere during major Islamic celebrations.
An extraordinary blend of tradition and modernity, the Makkah Clock Tower stands as both a global symbol of Islam and a triumph of human ingenuity. With its cutting-edge technology and distinctive design, it continues to draw millions of visitors each year — a timeless reminder of the enduring significance of Makkah Al-Mukarramah.
&nbsp;
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Rising above the skyline of Makkah Al-Mukarramah in western Saudi Arabia, the Makkah Clock Tower is one of the most recognisable architectural and engineering landmarks in the Islamic world. Located above the Abraj Al Bait complex within the Fairmont Hotel, it soars to a height exceeding 600 metres — making it both the tallest and largest clock tower in the world. Its first trial run began during Ramadan in the year 1431 AH, or 2009 AD, with the Makkah Time Centre synchronised to the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) network headquartered in Paris.

The Saudi National Museum in Riyadh

Explore the Saudi National Museum in Riyadh, a landmark showcasing the history, culture and heritage of the Arabian Peninsula through immersive exhibits.

The Saudi National Museum stands as one of the Kingdom’s premier cultural landmarks, embodying the rich history of the Arabian Peninsula and its evolution across the ages. Officially opened in 1999 as part of the King Abdulaziz Historical Centre project, it is situated in the Al-Murabba district at the heart of Riyadh. Covering an expansive area of approximately 17,000 square metres, the museum houses a diverse collection of archaeological artefacts and cultural exhibits, tracing the region’s development from ancient times through to the unification of Saudi Arabia under King Abdulaziz.

More than a repository of artefacts, the National Museum serves as a cultural and educational centre, enhancing visitors’ understanding of the Arabian Peninsula’s natural, human, cultural, and religious history. Its modern display style follows a carefully planned chronological flow, guiding visitors seamlessly through the different eras while highlighting the key events and achievements that shaped the region’s civilisation.
<h2><img src="https://146414713.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/146414713/The%20Saudi%20National%20Museum%20in%20Riyadh.jpg" width="1000" height="667" loading="lazy" alt="The Saudi National Museum in Riyadh" style="height: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 1000px;"> Origins of the Saudi National Museum</h2>
The concept of the Saudi National Museum emerged in the early 1980s, but the implementation of the project started within the 1995 plan to redevelop the historic Al-Murabba district. Known as the “Al-Murabba Development Plan,” this initiative aimed to revive the area surrounding the historic Al-Murabba Palace, transforming it into a cultural and knowledge hub that reflects Saudi history.
Canadian architect Raymond Moriyama was commissioned to design the museum, drawing inspiration from the Kingdom’s desert landscape — particularly the shape of the red sand dunes surrounding Riyadh. The western façade evokes the fluidity of shifting sands, while the exterior lines form a crescent pointing to Mecca. The museum’s layout connects to a spacious reception hall leading to a central courtyard, dividing the museum into two main wings:
<ul>
<li>The Northern Wing: Dedicated to pre-Islamic history.</li>
<li>The Southern Wing: Focused on Islamic history and its subsequent periods.</li>
</ul>
Two additional halls are reserved for hosting temporary exhibitions and cultural events, reinforcing the museum’s role as a dynamic hub that keeps pace with evolving cultural activities.
&nbsp;
Also Read: <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/revitalising-historic-homes-in-saudi-arabia" rel="noopener">Historic Homes in Saudi Arabia</a>
&nbsp;
<h2>Cultural and Educational Identity</h2>
The Saudi National Museum adopts a contemporary educational vision, moving beyond the traditional museum model that centres solely on historically valuable artefacts. It offers an immersive, interactive experience, presenting historical concepts in ways that engage visitors of all ages. Replicas of key objects, crafted to match the originals in scale and form, allow visitors to appreciate historical contexts more fully.
Modern display technologies — interactive screens, scale models, and audiovisual effects — further enrich the visitor experience, making learning both enjoyable and smooth. The museum’s collection includes approximately 3,700 artefacts, alongside 900 visual aids, 45 films, and numerous sound effects, rendering it a rich collection of historical and cultural knowledge.
&nbsp;
Also Read: <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/popular-markets-in-saudi-arabia" rel="noopener">Traditional Markets in Saudi Arabia</a>
&nbsp;
<h2>Mission of the Saudi National Museum</h2>
The museum’s mission is to provide a comprehensive cultural and educational experience that reflects the Kingdom’s identity and illustrious history. Its principal objectives include:
<ul>
<li>Serving as a distinguished national landmark representing Saudi Arabia both locally and internationally.</li>
<li>Enriching cultural and historical awareness within the community and fostering national pride through the celebration of Arabian heritage.</li>
<li>Offering an interactive learning environment for all visitors, including children, families, researchers, and specialists.</li>
<li>Preserving and displaying heritage artefacts in ways that maintain their historical significance.</li>
<li>Strengthening the museum’s cultural role through temporary exhibitions and educational events that advance knowledge and awareness. </li>
</ul>
Also Read:<a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/the-most-prominent-saudi-handicrafts" rel="noopener"> Traditional Crafts of Saudi Arabia</a>
&nbsp;
<h2>Future Aspirations</h2>
The Saudi National Museum aspires to be a leading centre for archaeology and museology in the Kingdom, with goals such as:
<ul>
<li>Systematically and scientifically documenting and preserving both ancient and newly discovered artefacts.</li>
<li>Hosting educational exhibitions highlighting the Arabian Peninsula’s history from multiple perspectives.</li>
<li>Supporting and developing educational programmes focusing on history, culture, and natural and technical sciences.</li>
<li>Attracting visitors with interactive exhibits that cater to all age groups. </li>
</ul>
Also Read: <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/vision-2030-the-saudi-arabia-of-tomorrow" rel="noopener">Vision 2030 the Saudi Arabia of Tomorrow</a>
&nbsp;
<h2>Exhibition Halls</h2>
The museum’s exhibition halls are among the most important attractions, carefully organised to chronicle the successive historical periods of the Arabian Peninsula. The museum features eight principal halls:
<ul>
<li>Hall of Man and the Universe: Explores the origin of the universe and the geology of the Arabian Peninsula, featuring meteorites from the Empty Quarter and interactive models of the solar system and plant life evolution.</li>
<li>Hall of Arabian Kingdoms: Highlights ancient kingdoms such as Dilmun and Midian, along with cities like Dumat Al-Jandal and Al-Hamra, as well as later Arabian kingdoms in Al-Aflaj and Najran.</li>
<li>Pre-Islamic Era Hall: Focuses on the pre-Islamic period, including notable cities such as Mecca and Jerash and trading markets like Okaz and Mijaz, along with the development of writing and Arabic script.</li>
<li>Prophetic Mission Hall: Highlights the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through detailed biographical displays and genealogical charts.</li>
<li>Islam and the Arabian Peninsula Hall: Covers the emergence and expansion of Islam in Medina and the history of the Islamic Caliphate across the Peninsula.</li>
<li>First and Second Saudi State Hall: Explores the history and cultural and political evolution of the First and Second Saudi States.</li>
<li>Unification of the Kingdom Hall: Showcases King Abdulaziz Al Saud’s efforts in unifying the Kingdom and establishing the modern state.</li>
<li>Hajj and the Holy Sites Hall: Features a large-scale model of Mecca and its surroundings, reflecting the importance of Hajj in Muslim life. </li>
</ul>
Also Read: <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/the-journal/beaches-and-coastal-destinations-in-saudi-arabia" rel="noopener">Beaches of Saudi Arabia</a>
&nbsp;
<h2>A Centre for Knowledge and Community</h2>
The Saudi National Museum extends beyond its role as a display venue, functioning as an educational and knowledge centre that serves society. Through its programmes and activities, it nurtures national identity and cultural values for younger generations while providing researchers with the resources to delve into the Kingdom’s history and heritage.
Ultimately, the Saudi National Museum embodies the Kingdom’s rich legacy, offering a window into the past and connecting present generations with their extraordinary history.
&nbsp;
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The Saudi National Museum stands as one of the Kingdom’s premier cultural landmarks, embodying the rich history of the Arabian Peninsula and its evolution across the ages. Officially opened in 1999 as part of the King Abdulaziz Historical Centre project, it is situated in the Al-Murabba district at the heart of Riyadh. Covering an expansive area of approximately 17,000 square metres, the museum houses a diverse collection of archaeological artefacts and cultural exhibits, tracing the region’s development from ancient times through to the unification of Saudi Arabia under King Abdulaziz.

The Marine Wealth in The Red Sea

Explore the Red Sea’s extraordinary marine ecosystem, rich biodiversity, coral reefs, and conservation value, making it one of the world’s most unique seas.

The Red Sea is one of the world’s most extraordinary marine ecosystems — a natural wonder abounding with astonishing biodiversity and immeasurable ecological wealth. Positioned between two great continents, Africa and Asia, and fringed by vast stretches of desert, the Red Sea offers a rare contrast: a harsh climate above water and an environment teeming with life beneath it. This distinctive body of water is home to countless aquatic species that exist nowhere else on Earth, making it an area of study for scientists and a sanctuary for nature enthusiasts from across the globe.
<img src="https://146414713.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/146414713/marine-wealth-in-the-red-sea-1.jpg" width="1000" height="750" loading="lazy" alt="marine-wealth-in-the-red-sea-1" style="height: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 1000px;">
&nbsp;
<h2>Biodiversity in the Red Sea</h2>
The <a href="https://sothebysrealty.sa/en/red-sea" rel="noopener">Red Sea</a> is celebrated for its exceptional biodiversity, hosting hundreds of species across the marine kingdom. Scientists estimate that its waters harbour 29 species of sharks, 17 species of whales and dolphins, 5 species of sea turtles, more than 1,000 species of fish and 359 species of hard corals — alongside a staggering number of invertebrates. Collectively, this wealth of life transforms the Red Sea into a living natural museum, where divers and swimmers can explore an underwater world of treasures.
These species are not just remarkable in themselves; they also play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. Microscopic organisms here generate a significant portion of the oxygen we breathe. Coral reefs and mangrove forests serve as natural habitats, offering protection for marine life while safeguarding coastlines against storms and erosion.
&nbsp;
<h2>Geography and Origins of the Red Sea</h2>
Geographically, the Red Sea forms a natural divide between Africa and Asia, linked to the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal and to the Indian Ocean via the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. It was created some 30 million years ago, when tectonic shifts separated the Arabian Peninsula from Africa. This separation, along with the change in sea level during the ice ages, contributed to creating an isolated marine environment characterised by high salinity and warm waters throughout the year.
Unlike many seas, the Red Sea is not fed by rivers, which further heightens its salinity. Coupled with its hot, arid climate, these conditions have compelled its marine species to evolve with exceptional resilience, creating lifeforms exclusive to this sea.
&nbsp;
<h2>Coral Reefs: Cities of the Sea</h2>
The coral reefs of the Red Sea are considered one of the most diverse and vibrant ecosystems on the planet. Stretching along nearly 2,000 kilometres of coastline, they provide a habitat for countless marine species. Built from colonies of tiny organisms known as polyps — tiny organisms belonging to the class of cnidarians, coral reefs are distinguished by their morphological and colour diversity. Among the most iconic is the "brain coral," so named for its resemblance to the human brain.
Far more than a visual spectacle, these reefs form a fully interdependent ecosystem. Echinoderms such as sea stars and sea urchins help keep algae in check, ensuring light reaches the coral. Crustaceans, from shrimp to giant clams, contribute to the overall health of this underwater community. In essence, every organism plays a part in sustaining the reef’s vitality.
&nbsp;
<h2>Mangroves and Seagrass: Guardians of the Coast</h2>
Along the Red Sea’s shores grow mangrove forests — hardy trees and shrubs uniquely adapted to salty waters. These trees have specialised roots that help them breathe and get rid of excess salt, which makes them able to survive in an oxygen-poor environment.
Mangroves play a critical role in coastal protection, mitigating erosion and serving as natural buffers against storms. They also provide shelter for marine life, from fish nurseries to migratory birds. Beneath the surface, seagrass meadows grow across the seabed, offering vital habitats for species such as dugongs and sea turtles. These meadows act as natural barriers and stabilisers, reducing wave impact and protecting shorelines.
&nbsp;
<h2>Preserving the Red Sea</h2>
Despite its beauty and biodiversity, the Red Sea faces mounting threats. Climate change is warming its waters and increasing acidity, endangering the health of its coral reefs. Human activities — from overfishing to pollution and urban expansion — further jeopardise its delicate ecosystems.
Safeguarding the Red Sea requires concerted action: reducing pollution, establishing marine protected areas and fostering awareness among local communities about environmental stewardship.
&nbsp;
<h2>A Global Model for Conservation</h2>
With its strategic location and wealth of biodiversity, the Red Sea is an invaluable natural resource that must be managed wisely. Beyond conservation, it holds immense potential for eco-tourism, offering world-class diving and marine experiences. If preserved with foresight, it could serve as a global example of how unique marine environments can be protected while enriching local economies.
&nbsp;
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The Red Sea is one of the world’s most extraordinary marine ecosystems — a natural wonder abounding with astonishing biodiversity and immeasurable ecological wealth. Positioned between two great continents, Africa and Asia, and fringed by vast stretches of desert, the Red Sea offers a rare contrast: a harsh climate above water and an environment teeming with life beneath it. This distinctive body of water is home to countless aquatic species that exist nowhere else on Earth, making it an area of study for scientists and a sanctuary for nature enthusiasts from across the globe.

Traditional Markets in Saudi Arabia: A Fusion of Heritage and Commerce

Explore traditional markets in Saudi Arabia, from historic souqs in Riyadh and Jazan to cultural trading hubs showcasing heritage, crafts and local life.

Traditional markets in Saudi Arabia are among the Kingdom’s most captivating cultural landmarks — places where history, heritage and commerce intertwine. Many of these souqs trace their origins back centuries, carrying with them stories that reflect the Kingdom’s past while continuing to thrive in the present. Today, they showcase handicrafts and local products that are deeply tied to the identity of their respective regions — making them both a bustling commercial and tourist hub.
Below, we review some of the most renowned traditional markets across Saudi Arabia, each offering a unique combination of heritage, trade and community life.
<img src="https://146414713.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/146414713/markets%20in%20saudi.jpg" width="1000" height="667" loading="lazy" alt="markets in saudi" style="height: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 1000px;">
<h2>Al-Batha Market, Riyadh</h2>
In the very heart of the capital lies Al-Batha Market, one of Riyadh’s largest and most traditional souqs, attracting throngs of visitors daily. Divided into individual sections, the market offers a comfortable shopping experience:
<ul>
<li>Al-Batha Gold Souq: Showcasing intricate jewellery to suit every taste.</li>
<li>Mobile &amp; Accessories Souq: A hub for electronics and the latest gadgets.</li>
<li>Clothing Souq: Displaying a blend of traditional attire and modern fashion.</li>
<li>Household Essentials Section: From electrical appliances to utensils. </li>
</ul>
Adding to the atmosphere, traditional cafés and eateries dot the marketplace, making it not only a shopping destination but also a lively spot for entertainment and community gathering. 
&nbsp;
<h2>Al-Khoubah Market, Jazan</h2>
With a history stretching back more than a century, Al-Khoubah Market remains one of Jazan’s most significant economic and cultural touchstones. Held every Thursday, the market is a living showcase of folk heritage where visitors can purchase traditional garments, aromatic plants, pottery and an impressive range of honey.
Highlights include:
<ul>
<li>Traditional items such as meefa (clay ovens) and haisiyah (local crafts).</li>
<li>Scents of kadi (screwpine flower) and jasmine spreading in the air.</li>
<li>Displays of exotic wildlife and domestic animals, from gazelles to falcons. </li>
</ul>
This market’s reputation extends well beyond Jazan, drawing visitors from across the Kingdom and neighbouring countries, making it both a cultural festival and a commercial event.
&nbsp;
<h2>Sunday Market, Bareq</h2>
Known historically as Souq Hubasha, the Sunday Market is one of the oldest in the Asir region. Set against the backdrop of the Qanona Valley, it once served as an important stop for ancient trade caravans. Today, it is celebrated for its trade in gold, ithmid (traditional kohl) and grains — a place where heritage and commerce still converge.
&nbsp;
<h2>Muhayil Asir Market</h2>
Located in the heart of Muhayil Asir, this market brims with variety — from clothing and perfumes to household goods. Visitors can also enjoy authentic local cuisine at traditional restaurants and cafés available throughout the souq.
&nbsp;
<h2>Al-Qawz Market, Al-Qunfudhah</h2>
South of Makkah lies Al-Qawz Market, known for its livestock trade — goats, camels and sheep — as well as handmade household items and traditional clothing. Adding to its character, vendors sell local delicacies and aromatic plants, offering visitors an immersive experience of the region's heritage.
&nbsp;
<h2>Al-Maskouf Market, Al-Qassim</h2>
At the heart of Unaizah sits Al-Maskouf Market, celebrated for its traditional architecture and authentic character. The market features heritage shows, rare items’ auctions and a museum housing over 30,000 heritage artefacts — from antique coins and swords to pottery. More than a trading venue, it is a cultural landmark offering a window into the region’s storied past, making it a unique tourist destination.
&nbsp;
<h2>Friday Market, Al-Wadiyeen</h2>
The Friday Market in Al-Wadiyeen is a weekly gathering steeped in history. Locally known as Souq Al-Haf, it was once a place where disputes were resolved alongside trade. Today, it offers an abundance of fresh fruits and vegetables, traditional clothing and livestock.
&nbsp;
<h2>Thursday Market, Al-Nairyah</h2>
Established 25 years ago, the Thursday Market is one of the Eastern Province’s most popular souqs. It is divided into distinct sections, some of which are:
<ul>
<li>Women’s Market: Managed exclusively by female vendors, offering products such as clarified butter and dried yoghurt (iqt).</li>
<li>Men’s Market: Focused on men’s supplies, clothing and household goods.</li>
<li>Dates &amp; Coffee Market: Famous for Al-Ahsa dates and authentic Arabian coffee. </li>
</ul>
Held on Thursdays and Fridays, it continues to draw visitors from across the region.
&nbsp;
<h2>Saturday Market, Al-Qatif</h2>
Among the Eastern Province’s oldest, the Saturday Market in Al-Qatif takes place weekly from dawn until noon prayers. Its stalls offer agricultural produce, clothing and home-cooked local dishes.
&nbsp;
<h2>The Enduring Significance of Traditional Markets</h2>
Traditional markets form an integral part of Saudi Arabia’s cultural and social identity. They are not merely spaces of commerce but vibrant meeting points reflecting the history, diversity, traditions and stories of the Kingdom’s regions.
For tourists and locals alike, these souqs provide a unique glimpse into authentic Saudi heritage. Wandering through their lively alleys is similar to stepping back in time — an experience that bridges past and present, where trade, culture and community converge.
Ultimately, these markets are more than trading grounds; they are cultural arenas preserving age-old lifestyles, social customs and values — timeless reflections of Saudi Arabia’s rich and enduring heritage.
&nbsp;
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Traditional markets in Saudi Arabia are among the Kingdom’s most captivating cultural landmarks — places where history, heritage and commerce intertwine. Many of these souqs trace their origins back centuries, carrying with them stories that reflect the Kingdom’s past while continuing to thrive in the present. Today, they showcase handicrafts and local products that are deeply tied to the identity of their respective regions — making them both a bustling commercial and tourist hub.

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